A cleaning and vacuum truck is a specialized sanitation vehicle designed for efficient removal and transport of liquid, sludge, and solid waste from urban and industrial environments. It combines high‑pressure cleaning, powerful suction, and large-capacity storage to provide an integrated solution for sewer maintenance, road cleaning, and environmental protection tasks.This type of vehicle typically features a heavy‑duty chassis with a purpose-built tank mounted on the rear. The tank is usually made of high‑strength steel or corrosion-resistant materials to withstand long-term contact with sewage, mud, and chemical residues. Its capacity can vary depending on the application, but is generally large enough to support continuous operation in municipal or industrial projects without frequent unloading.A core component is the vacuum system, driven by a dedicated vacuum pump or blower. This system creates a strong negative pressure inside the tank, enabling rapid suction of sewage, sludge, sediment, sand, and small debris through a reinforced suction hose. The hose is often flexible and equipped with an adjustable boom or crane, allowing operators to easily reach manholes, ditches, culverts, and confined spaces. The suction process is efficient and reduces manual labor, improving safety and hygiene.In addition to vacuum capability, many cleaning and vacuum trucks are equipped with a high‑pressure water system. A water tank, high‑pressure pump, and hose reel allow the vehicle to flush pipelines, wash road surfaces, and loosen compacted sediments inside sewers. The high‑pressure jet can break up blockages, wash away grease and deposits, and restore normal flow in drainage networks. This dual function—vacuuming and high‑pressure cleaning—makes the vehicle particularly suitable for comprehensive pipeline maintenance.The control system is typically centralized and user-friendly, with hydraulic controls for tank lifting and rear door opening, as well as controls for pump operation, pressure adjustment, and hose retraction. Safety features may include overflow protection, sight glasses or level gauges, pressure relief valves, emergency stop switches, and reliable braking systems. Some models also include monitoring instruments to track working pressure, vacuum levels, and operating time.Applications cover a wide range of tasks: cleaning city sewers and storm drains, maintaining septic tanks, removing industrial wastewater and sludge, clearing sediment from riverside culverts, and supporting emergency response during floods or spills. By reducing blockages in drainage systems, such vehicles help prevent urban waterlogging and improve overall sanitation.From an environmental perspective, a cleaning and vacuum truck helps keep waste contained and transported safely to treatment facilities. This reduces direct discharge, lowers pollution risk, and supports compliance with environmental regulations. With robust construction, high operational efficiency, and versatile functions, the cleaning and vacuum truck has become an essential tool in modern urban management and environmental maintenance.